In conclusion, a fasciotomy for lat-CECS was successful in the long term in just one of three operated patients in this retrospective study. Seventy-three percent (n=22) had resumed sports activities (9 same level, 13 lower level). Long-term surgical success was reported by 33% (n=10 excellent n=4, good n=6). Four years after fasciotomy, severity and frequency of symptoms had dropped significantly. Although endoscopic techniques have been introduced, open fasciotomy remains the mainstay of surgical treatment because of the paucity of evidence in support of an endoscopic approach. The superficial posterior and deep posterior compartments are accessed via a single medial incision. This chapter describes acute compartment syndrome (ACS), in contrast to. The incidence of compartment syndrome is 7.3 per 100,000 male patients and 0.7 per 100,000 female patients. Two anterolateral incisions (1 proximal and 1 distal) are used to gain adequate exposure to both the anterior and lateral compartments. The impermeable fascia prevents fluid from leaking out of the compartment and also prevents an increase in volume that could reduce pressure within the compartment. Bilateral (70%, n=21/30) exertional pain (97%, n=29) and a feeling of tightness (93%, n=28) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a significant source of lower extremity pain and morbidity in the athletic population. This video demonstrates our preferred technique for open 4-compartment fasciotomy of the leg. Following exclusion (n=11), 30 of the eligible 67 patients completed the questionnaire. We conducted ICP measurements in 247 patients for suspected lat-CECS, of whom 78 were positively diagnosed. Surgical success rates in patients with lat-CECS diagnosed with a dynamic intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measurement were studied using a questionnaire (success: excellent or good as judged by the patient unsuccessful: moderate, fair or poor). The purpose of this study is to report on success rates of fasciotomy in patients with lat-CECS. Knowledge about CECS of the lateral compartment (lat-CECS) is limited and outcome after fasciotomy is unknown. Anterior or deep posterior compartments are usually affected. The intramuscular pressures in the anterior compartment were normal at rest as well as during and after exercise eight months after the original fasciotomy in twenty-eight legs and eight months after the second fasciotomy in two legs.Exercise-induced lower leg pain may be caused by chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). At an average length of follow-up of twenty-five months after fasciotomy for anterior compartment syndrome, functional capacity was unlimited or increased in eighteen patients (twenty-eight legs) and was unchanged in one patient (two legs) who had had compression of the superficial peroneal nerve. Two patients required a second fasciotomy due to recurrence of the chronic compartment syndrome. The patient who had lateral compartment syndrome was relieved by fasciotomy of this compartment. In one of these patients, with bilateral nerve compression, both superficial peroneal nerves were anomalous. The patients who had compression of the superficial peroneal nerve were relieved by partial fasciectomy and fasciotomy of the lateral compartment. One patient also had lateral compartment syndrome in one leg. Surgical release of the anterior and lateral compartments of the lower leg has been shown to relieve the symptoms of chronic exertional compartment syndrome. In addition, five of these patients (six legs) had compression of the superficial peroneal nerve: two before and three after fasciotomy. Thirty legs in nineteen patients, eleven with bilateral and eight with unilateral chronic anterior-compartment syndrome, were treated by fasciotomy.
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